COMMENTARY
Rule by Judges is Not Rule of Law
Rule by Judges is Not Rule of Law
Chidi Anselm Odinkalu
“The judiciary has immense power. In the nature of things, judges cannot be democratically accountable for their decisions. It therefore matters very much that their role should be regarded as legitimate by the public at large.”
Jonathan Sumption, Law in a Time of Crisis, 121 (2021)
For a cumulative period of 17 years between 1885 and 1905, Hardinge Giffard – who was better known as Lord Halsbury – served three tenures as Lord Chancellor. In this capacity he earned a reputation for having “appointed many undistinguished men to the Bench because of their political services to the Conservative Party.” In 1897, Lord Salisbury, one of the Prime Ministers under whom Lord Halsbury served, advised him that “the judicial salad requires both legal oil and political vinegar; but disastrous effects will follow if due proportion is not observed.” For having so manifestly got the proportions out of kilter, Nigeria could be on course for a date Lord Salisbury’s predicted effects.
Abuja, Nigeria’s federal capital, is a place where mutual intercourse between lawyers, politicians and judges is both natural and habitual. It is home to judges too numerous to count and host to the headquarters of many court systems, including the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory (FCT High Court) as well as of Nigeria’s Court of Appeal and Supreme Court. The headquarters of the Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS Court of Justice) is also in Abuja.
The pace of production and reproduction in the courts in Abuja has been rather dizzying recently. On the penultimate day of the past working week, Nigeria’s Supreme Court in a case instituted by the Federal Government against the states issued a decision designed to make it mandatory for local government to be run only by elected officials. This judgment has unlocked a predictable scrum of both political ululation and lamentation but the risk remains that its full benefits are likely to be undermined by the well-established jurisprudence of the Supreme Court in favour of bandit ballots which support the production of leaders at all levels who lack electoral legitimacy.

The day before the Supreme Court judgment, on the approach to the fourth anniversary of Nigeria’s #EndSARs uprising of 2020, the ECOWAS Court of Justice ruled that the conduct of the Nigerian government and its security agencies in their response to the #EndSARS uprising violated the guarantees of “security of person, prohibition of torture and cruel, inhuman, and degrading treatment, rights to freedom of expression, assembly, and association, duty to investigate human rights violations, and right to effective remedy.” In effect, the Court said that the Nigerian government engaged in a cover-up of the violations that occurred during the #EndSARS protests, especially at the Lekki Tollgate in Lagos.
Weighty as they were, both of these otherwise seminal outcomes were relative non-events in the political and judicial registers of Abuja this past week. On the same day that the ECOWAS Court delivered its judgment in the #EndSARS case to a near empty gallery and the day before the Supreme Court held forth on the destination of local government funds, all roads led to the Supreme Court where the outgoing Chief Justice of Nigeria, Olukayode Ariwoola, presided over the inauguration of 22 new Justices of the Court of Appeal and 12 new judges of the FCT High Court.
Many people may have missed the number of Justices of Appeal inaugurated, however. Anyone who followed the reportage would have been forgiven for supposing that there were just two Justices of Appeal sworn in: “Wike’s wife and 21 others”, a reference to the wife of political bruiser and current Minister of the Federal Capital Territory, Nyesom Wike. Also among the new Justices of Appeal is Abdullahi Liman, Kano’s self-appointed federal King-maker. The excess political vinegar in some of these most recent elevations to the Court of Appeal sadly detracts from the tasteful salad among some others. For the sake of their own professional and career advancement in a cynical system, it is best at this time to preserve the anonymity of those deserving ones.
Among the 12 new judges of the FCT High Court, at least seven were family members of serving or living judicial figures and three were family members of persons directly involved in the appointment process. Among these, the Chief Justice of Nigeria, who presided over the appointment, had his daughter-in-law made a judge; the Chief Judge of the FCT High Court made his daughter a judge; and the President of the Court of Appeal got her daughter appointed a high court judge for the second time in three years. In 2021, Governor Simon Lalong of Plateau State had made the same daughter a judge of the Plateau State High Court.
Responding to these appointments, Access to Justice, a group that monitors judicial independence and accountability in Nigeria pointedly said that “three candidates were ineligible to be considered for such appointments in the first place at the time the vacancies were announced.” This was in reference to the daughter of the Chief Judge of the FCT High Court; the daughter of the President of the Court of Appeal; and the daughter-in-law of the outgoing Chief Justice of Nigeria. According to the group, these three appointments were a composite transaction between the CJN, President of the Court of Appeal and the Chief Judge of the FCT High Court best described “in local parlance as: ‘you scratch my back, I scratch your back.’”
To say that these three appointments clearly violate the judicial code of conduct as well as the regulations governing judicial appointments is to be kind to the lack of scruples at the helm of the current judicial appointments process in the country. It makes a joke of the judicial appointment process that someone in Nigeria can be appointed a High Court judge while holding a subsisting appointment as a High Court Judge.
In the days when the Nigerian judiciary was under credible leadership, these judicial inaugurations would passed almost as a non-event, attended only by select staff of the affected courts and by some members of the families of the new appointees. Reflecting the mood and mores of the times and consistent with the current tyranny of perverse incentives in judicial appointments, however, this swearing in was a carnival taken over by cavalcades of dubious politicians and insider dealers in perverse political influence. Following the formal swearing in of the new judges, Abuja was littered with “receptions” convoked by politicians and senior lawyers for many of the new judges.
There was good reason for the politicians to make an obligation of their noisy presence at the swearing in of the new judges. Section 14(2) of Nigeria’s Constitution loudly proclaims that “sovereignty belongs to the people of Nigeria” but under colour of “rule of law” and judicial independence, the judges have toppled the people and installed themselves as the ones who alone can elect politicians to positions of power and influence in Nigeria. Access to political office now, therefore, is a transaction that begins and rests with political access to judges. Having thus murdered the rule of law, what we now have is rule by judges under which both political power and judicial office have become bereft of legitimacy. The victim is the public good.
The week ended with a report which said that “[J]udges top [the] list of bribe recipients in Nigeria.” 15 years ago, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ rights warned that “the courts need the trust of the people in order to maintain their authority and legitimacy. The credibility of the courts must not be weakened by the perception that courts can be influenced by any external pressure.” In Nigeria, this is now a vain hope.
A lawyer and a teacher, Odinkalu can be reached at chidi.odinkalu@tufts.edu
COMMENTARY
ARISE Free Food Distribution: How Compassion Became Public Policy in Akwa Ibom
By Lucy Daniel
In a time when many Nigerian families are struggling with rising food prices and economic uncertainty, humanitarian interventions have become more than acts of charity; they have become instruments of social stability. In Akwa Ibom State, one of the most visible examples of this approach is Governor Pastor Umo Bassey Eno’s ARISE Free Food Distribution Programme, a statewide initiative that is gradually redefining the relationship between government and the governed.

Commissioner for Humanitarian Affairs, Rt.Hon. Emem Ibanga making a presentation to one of the beneficiaries recently
With the fourth phase of the programme now reaching 28 out of the 31 Local Government Areas of the state, the intervention has evolved from a relief measure into one of the largest humanitarian food support programmes by any sub-national government in Nigeria.
The recent distribution exercises in Ibiono Ibom and Itu Local Government Areas offered a clear picture of the programme’s growing reach and impact. In both local governments, 7,000 bags of rice and beans were distributed to vulnerable households identified through the State Social Register. The atmosphere was not merely one of food distribution but of gratitude, hope and renewed confidence in government.
For many beneficiaries, the intervention came at a critical time.
Mrs. Ekaette Udo, a beneficiary in Itu Local Government Area, described the support as a lifeline for families struggling with the rising cost of living.
”This food will help us reduce the money we would have spent on feeding. We appreciate Governor Umo Eno for this gesture and we pray that God will continue to give him wisdom to lead us,” she said.

Secretary of the Bulk purchasing Agency, Hon Unyime Etim, presents food item to a beneficiary recently
Another beneficiary, Mr. Inyang Etim, noted that the assistance would significantly support his household expenses.
”The rice and beans will help us at home, especially with the high cost of food. We are happy that Itu is included in this programme,” he remarked.
For elderly beneficiaries like Mrs. Mfonima Akpan, the programme represented more than food assistance. It was a reminder that the government had not forgotten them.
”I am happy today because I did not expect to receive this kind of support. I thank our Governor and everyone who made this possible,” she said.
These testimonies reflect similar stories emerging from the 28 local government areas already covered in the current phase. Across Akwa Ibom, thousands of widows, elderly citizens, persons with disabilities, low-income earners and vulnerable families have benefitted from a programme specifically designed to cushion the effects of economic hardship.
What makes the ARISE Free Food Distribution Programme particularly significant is its systematic approach. Rather than relying on political patronage, beneficiaries are drawn from the State Social Register, ensuring that assistance reaches those who genuinely need it. This has strengthened transparency, reduced allegations of bias and enhanced public confidence in the process.
The programme’s impact extends beyond individual households. Economic experts often argue that food security interventions can influence market behaviour by reducing excessive demand pressures. This observation was echoed by the Senior Special Assistant to the Governor on Market Matters, Akparawa Idorenyin Raphael, who noted that when thousands of families receive staple food items free of charge, the immediate pressure on the market is reduced, helping to moderate food prices.

Akparawa Idorenyin Raphael donating food item to one of the beneficiaries in Ibiono Ibom local government area recently
The progressive expansion of the programme further demonstrates government responsiveness. From an initial distribution of 3,000 bags, the intervention grew to 4,000 bags and now stands at 7,000 bags per local government in the fourth phase. Such growth reflects both increased government commitment and an understanding of the realities confronting ordinary citizens.
Yet the food programme is only one component of a broader humanitarian architecture under the ARISE Agenda. Alongside food distribution, the administration has implemented social welfare initiatives, enterprise support programmes, healthcare interventions, educational assistance and economic empowerment schemes targeted at vulnerable populations.
The recently announced N31 billion economic empowerment programme, allocating N1 billion to each of the 31 local government areas, further demonstrates a shift from relief to sustainable economic empowerment. While food support addresses immediate needs, enterprise funding aims to help citizens create wealth, expand businesses and improve their livelihoods.
This combination of compassion and economic empowerment offers an important lesson in governance. Effective leadership is not measured solely by the number of roads constructed or buildings commissioned. It is equally measured by the ability to protect vulnerable citizens during difficult times while creating opportunities for long-term prosperity.
There are valuable lessons here for other states and even for national policymakers.
First, humanitarian programmes are most effective when they are institutionalized and data-driven. The use of the Social Register has improved targeting and accountability.
Second, social interventions work best when combined with broader economic development initiatives. Relief without empowerment creates dependency, while empowerment without relief may leave vulnerable populations behind.
Third, governance becomes more meaningful when citizens can directly feel the impact of public policy in their daily lives. For many families across Akwa Ibom, the ARISE Free Food Distribution Programme has transformed government from an abstract institution into a caring presence.
The intervention also reflects the broader philosophy of the ARISE Agenda, which places people at the centre of development. While major infrastructure projects continue across the state, including roads, healthcare facilities, schools, housing schemes and agricultural investments, the administration has maintained a deliberate focus on social protection.
As Akwa Ibom approaches the 2027 electoral cycle, many observers will inevitably assess Governor Umo Eno’s performance. Such assessments should be based not only on campaign promises but also on measurable outcomes. The evidence so far suggests a government that has invested simultaneously in infrastructure, economic growth and human welfare.
The sustained implementation of the ARISE Free Food Distribution Programme across 28 local government areas demonstrates consistency, commitment and administrative capacity. More importantly, it demonstrates empathy, a quality often missing in public leadership.

For many beneficiaries, the programme is not merely about bags of rice and beans. It is about dignity, inclusion and hope. It is about knowing that the government recognizes their struggles and is prepared to respond.
As the fourth phase nears completion across all 31 local government areas, the programme stands as one of the clearest examples of people-centred governance in contemporary Nigeria. It has provided immediate relief, strengthened social cohesion, stimulated local economic stability and reinforced public trust.
Ultimately, the strongest argument for granting Pastor Umo Bassey Eno, PhD, a second term may not lie in political rhetoric but in the lived experiences of ordinary citizens whose lives have been positively touched by his administration’s policies. From the elderly woman receiving food support in Itu to the struggling family in Ibiono Ibom finding temporary relief from rising food costs, the testimonies speak for themselves.

In governance, results matter. In humanitarian leadership, compassion matters. The ARISE Free Food Distribution Programme has shown that under Governor Umo Eno, both can work together to improve lives and build a more inclusive society.
#UmoEno So far, So good#AriseAgenda
#ARISEFreeFoodDistribution
#PeopleCentredGovernance
#HumanitarianLeadership
#FoodSecurity#AkwaIbomRising
#PastorUmoEno#ARISEAgendaWorks
Daniel, SA to the Governor on Media
Writes from Uyo, Akwa Ibom State
providencemaga@yahoo.com
COMMENTARY
ARISE AGENDA: HOW AKWA IBOM IS TAKING ITS DEVELOPMENT STORY TO THE WORLD
By Lucy Daniel
A state does not become remarkable simply because it builds impressive projects. It becomes remarkable when those projects begin to change lives, reshape opportunities and create a story that others can see, understand and learn from.
That is the emerging story of Akwa Ibom under Governor Umo Eno and the ARISE Agenda.
At first glance, the ARISE Agenda may appear to be a familiar government development framework. But beyond the acronym lies a broader idea: that development must connect infrastructure with people, economic opportunity with inclusion, and government investment with a better quality of life.
This is increasingly becoming visible across Akwa Ibom.
From roads and aviation infrastructure to healthcare, agriculture, housing, education, skills development and technology, the State is gradually building an interconnected development ecosystem. More importantly, the story is beginning to travel beyond the borders of Akwa Ibom.
And that matters.
In today’s competitive world, states and cities are no longer judged only by what they possess. They are judged by how effectively they use what they have to create opportunities.
Akwa Ibom has enormous advantages, its location, agricultural potential, natural resources, tourism assets, human capital and relatively strong infrastructure base. But advantages do not automatically translate into prosperity. They must be connected by vision, investment and effective governance.
That is where the ARISE Agenda seeks to make a difference.
Beyond Projects, Building Connections
Perhaps the most important feature of the emerging development story is the connection between projects.
Consider the Victor Attah International Airport.
An airport is never just a terminal building. When properly integrated into the economy, it becomes a gateway for tourism, commerce, investment, business travel and human mobility.
The growing international orientation of the airport therefore has implications far beyond aviation. It can help connect Akwa Ibom businesses to wider markets, make the State more accessible to investors and strengthen its position as a destination for tourism and conferences.
The same logic applies to roads.
A road linking rural communities to urban centres is not simply infrastructure. It can shorten the distance between farmers and markets, reduce transportation costs and stimulate economic activity.
Healthcare infrastructure tells another story.
A modern hospital is not merely a building filled with equipment. It is an investment in human dignity, productivity and confidence. When citizens can access quality healthcare closer to home, families are protected from avoidable economic hardship and communities become more productive.
Agriculture, too, becomes more powerful when viewed as an economic chain rather than simply food production.
Seedlings, farmers, processing, transportation, markets and technology must work together.
That is the deeper meaning of an interconnected development agenda.
The Human Face of Development
Yet there is a danger in development communication.
Governments can become so focused on announcing projects that they forget the people behind the statistics.
The true story of development is not found in the ribbon-cutting ceremony. It is found in what happens afterwards.
It is the farmer who can now move produce more easily.
It is the young person who acquires a skill and discovers a new source of income.
It is the mother who can access healthcare without travelling hundreds of kilometres.
It is the entrepreneur who finds that better infrastructure makes it possible to expand a business.
It is the family that moves into decent housing.
These are the stories that give the ARISE Agenda its human meaning.
And these are also the stories that can travel beyond Akwa Ibom.
From Local Development to Global Visibility
The world is increasingly connected. A project in Uyo can become a subject of discussion in Lagos, Abuja, Accra, London or Dubai within hours.
But visibility alone is not enough.
The global audience is becoming more sophisticated. Investors want data. Development experts want measurable outcomes. Citizens want evidence. International media want stories that can be independently understood.

Governor Umo Eno of Akwa Ibom State
Therefore, Akwa Ibom’s communication strategy must continue evolving.
The State should not only tell people what has been built. It should increasingly demonstrate what those investments are producing.
How many businesses are benefiting?
How many jobs are being created?
How much travel time has been reduced?
How many farmers have gained access to markets?
How many young people have acquired employable skills?
How much investment is being attracted?
What is the measurable improvement in healthcare and education?
These questions do not diminish government achievements. They strengthen them.
Because the strongest advertisement for development is evidence.
A Nigerian Lesson
There is also a bigger national lesson.
Nigeria’s development cannot depend entirely on federal initiatives. States are critical laboratories where innovative ideas can be tested and adapted to local realities.
If Akwa Ibom succeeds in connecting infrastructure, agriculture, healthcare, human capital, technology and investment, other states should be able to study those experiences and adapt what works to their own circumstances.
That is how local development becomes national knowledge.
Akwa Ibom does not need to claim perfection. No government has it.
What matters is the willingness to build, measure, correct, improve and communicate honestly.
That is what transforms an administration’s programme into a development model.
The Question of Legacy
For Governor Umo Eno, the most important question will eventually be one of legacy.
Will the ARISE Agenda remain identified primarily with one administration, or will it become embedded in institutions, infrastructure, economic systems and public expectations?
The latter would be the greater achievement.
A truly successful development agenda should outlive political personalities. It should leave behind systems that continue to create opportunities even when the political actors have moved on.
That is why institutionalisation is as important as commissioning.
Buildings can be inaugurated. Roads can be commissioned. Programmes can be launched.
But institutions and economic systems are what sustain development.
Taking the Story Beyond Akwa Ibom
Akwa Ibom is therefore at an interesting point in its development journey.
The State is not simply trying to improve itself. It is increasingly positioning itself to be seen, connected and understood beyond its geographical boundaries.
The challenge is to ensure that the story remains bigger than political promotion.
Let citizens tell it.
Let entrepreneurs tell it.
Let farmers tell it.
Let investors tell it.
Let independent observers examine it.
Let the numbers speak.
When development is real, the people eventually become its most credible communicators.
The ARISE Agenda has the opportunity to become more than a state development programme. It can become a case study in how a sub national government connects physical infrastructure with human development and economic ambition.
But that opportunity comes with responsibility.
Akwa Ibom must continue building, measuring, communicating and improving.
Because the ultimate destination is not applause.
It is impact.
And when that impact becomes visible enough to be experienced by citizens, recognised by businesses and understood beyond the State, the development story of Akwa Ibom will no longer belong only to Akwa Ibom.
It will become part of Nigeria’s larger story of what is possible when vision is matched with purposeful action.
#UmoEno #AriseAgenda #AkwaIbom #GoodGovernance #Development #Investment #Infrastructure #HumanCapital #Nigeria
Daniel, SA to the Governor on Media
Writes from Uyo, Akwa Ibom State
providencemaga@yahoo.com
COMMENTARY
The Power of Partnership: How Collaboration Is Expanding Humanitarian Impact in Akwa Ibom
By Ekaette Okon Joseph
In Akwa Ibom State, Governor Umo Eno’s administration is expanding humanitarian support through a partnership model that pairs government coordination with outside expertise, funding and technology.
According to Commissioner for Humanitarian Affairs Princess Emem Ibanga, FCIPA, the model brings together faith-based organisations, development partners and the private sector to reach Persons with Disabilities, women, youth and other vulnerable groups across the state’s local government areas.
One example is the Fourth Thursday Assistive Mobility Clinic. Persons with Disabilities who are unable to walk undergo clinical assessments to ensure that every mobility aid provided matches their physical condition and mobility requirements. The clinic is provided free of charge, and beneficiaries make no payment at any stage.
Ibanga said the monthly outreach is fully funded by Governor Umo Eno, PhD, as part of his administration’s commitment to inclusion and dignity for Persons with Disabilities.
Skilled technicians trained through the Assistive Mobility Device Coupling Training, facilitated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in partnership with the state government, assemble, customise and adjust each wheelchair and walking aid to suit individual beneficiaries.
A total of 444 Persons with Disabilities have received wheelchairs and mobility devices through the partnership, following the donation of 263 wheelchairs and 181 walking aid devices by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ibanga said. She said the donation reflects the Church’s commitment to supporting vulnerable groups through humanitarian service.
Ibanga said Governor Eno personally facilitated clearance of the consignments so the equipment could reach beneficiaries without delay.
According to Ibanga, physiotherapists from Uganda were engaged to train participants in international best practices in assistive device assembly and adaptation. She said the training gave younger participants a career path in rehabilitation services, a field still growing in Nigeria.
Ibanga coordinates these partnerships as Commissioner for Humanitarian Affairs. She said the Ministry works to align the interests of development partners, faith-based organisations, corporate institutions and government agencies around the ARISE Agenda vision of Governor Umo Eno.
That coordinating role was on display recently when Jobberman Nigeria’s leadership visited Ibanga at her office.
“I welcomed the delegation led by its Country Head of Programmes, Mr. Olamide Adeyeye, on a courtesy visit to our Ministry,” Ibanga said. “Our engagement focused on building stronger partnerships that will improve livelihoods and create more opportunities for vulnerable groups across the State.”
Ibanga said the discussion covered five priorities: expanding youth employment and employability programmes, supporting skills development and economic empowerment for young people, promoting inclusive opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, exploring Jobberman’s participation in the forthcoming Humanitarian Day and Humanitarian Roundtable, and aligning future programmes with the state’s humanitarian priorities.
She commended Jobberman Nigeria’s youth development work and acknowledged its grassroots impact in Akwa Ibom State since 2023, when the organisation began operating in the state.
“As a government, we recognise that meaningful and lasting development is achieved through collaboration,” Ibanga said. “We look forward to working more closely with Jobberman Nigeria to expand opportunities for our young people, strengthen livelihoods and improve the wellbeing of vulnerable citizens in line with the ARISE Agenda of His Excellency, Pastor Umo Eno, PhD.”
Ibanga said the state’s ARISE Free Food Security Programme also continues to support vulnerable households, part of what she described as a wider effort under the ARISE Agenda to treat humanitarian assistance as an ongoing system of support rather than one-off relief.
Ibanga said the Ministry is inviting corporate organisations, development partners and faith-based institutions to join the state’s humanitarian coalition and expand opportunities for vulnerable citizens across Akwa Ibom.
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